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نهان نگاری ویدیوی خام مبتنی بر آشکارسازی مناسب با مصالحه بین پارامترهای شفافیت، مقاومت و ظرفیت | ||
| پدافند الکترونیکی و سایبری | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 8، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 29، خرداد 1399، صفحه 51-65 اصل مقاله (1.8 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رضا اصفهانی1؛ زین العابدین نوروزی* 2؛ محمدعلی اخایی3 | ||
| 1استادیار دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع) | ||
| 2دانشیار جامع امام حسین(ع) | ||
| 3استادیار دانشگاه تهران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 14 آذر 1397، تاریخ بازنگری: 19 مرداد 1398، تاریخ پذیرش: 28 خرداد 1398 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از ضعفهای عمده الگوریتمهای نهاننگاری، عدم تخمین مناسب در سمت گیرنده از دادهها در آشکارسازی میباشد. آشکارسازی مناسب در الگوریتم نهاننگاری، با مصالحه سه پارامتر شفافیت، مقاومت، ظرفیت ارتباط مستقیم دارد. الگوریتم پیشنهادی، مصالحه مناسبی بین این سه پارامتر ایجاد میکند که با توجه به این موضوع، در این مقاله برای حفظ شفافیت، از درج اطلاعات بهشیوه طیفگسترده در ضرایب فرکانس میانی موجک استفاده شده است. با بهدستآوردن پارامتر ضریب قدرت مناسب درج اطلاعات ()، از کاهش مقاومت جلوگیریشده است. سنجش مناسببودن نیز توسط نرخ بیت خطا ارزیابی شده است. دو مرحله تنظیم ظرفیت مناسب در یک پوشانه و پوشش کامل درج دادههای محرمانه، دو مرحلهی پیشنهادی است که مربوط به پارامتر ظرفیت میباشد. در مرحله اول، ظرفیت مناسب بهمعنی مصالحه مناسب پارامتر ظرفیت با پارامتر شفافیت است، یعنی نهاننگاری دارای مقادیر مناسب پارامترهای SSIM و PSNR باشد. اگر از پوشانه با آنتروپی پایین استفاده گردد، نتیجه آن ظرفیت پایین ولی مقاومت بالا است. در این وضعیت نرخ بیتخطا کاهش یافته و این بهمعنی نزدیکشدن بهمقدار مناسب و بهعبارتی مقاومت مناسب است. برای جلوگیری از کاهش ظرفیت و برای پوشش کامل درج دادههای محرمانه، استفاده از فریمهای ویدیوی خام پیشنهاد شده است. امکان دارد دادههای محرمانه دارای حجم بالایی باشند و یک پوشانه کافی نباشد و نیاز به بانک پوشانه خواهد بود. از آنجا که ممکن است تهیه بانک تصاویر دارای خواص آماری مناسب نزدیک بههم، کاری مشکل و زمانبر باشد، از فریمهای ویدیوی خام استفاده شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| طیف گسترده؛ آشکارسازی مناسب؛ ضرایب فرکانس میانی تبدیل موجک؛ مقاومت؛ نرخ خطای بیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Steganography on raw video based on proper detection and compromise between the parameters of transparency, resistance and capacity | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| R. Esfahani1؛ Z. Norozi2؛ M. A. Akhaei3 | ||
| 1Imam Hossein Comprehensive University | ||
| 2Imam Hossein Comprehensive University | ||
| 3Tehran university | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the major weaknesses of steganography algorithms in detection, is the lack of proper estimation of the data on the recipient side. The appropriate detection in the steganography algorithm is directly related to the tradeoff between the three parameters of transparency, resistance and capacity. The proposed algorithm uses a proper tradeoff between these three parameters. Due to this issue, in this article the inclusion of information in the intermediate frequency coefficients of the wavelet by the Spread Spectrum method has been used in order to maintain transparency. The reduction of resistance is prevented by obtaining the appropriate amplification coefficient parameter for embedding of information. Proper measurement of is also assessed by the error bit rate. Setting the proper capacity in a cover and the full coverage of secret data embedding are the two suggested steps related to the capacity parameter. In the first step, the proper capacity means the proper tradeoff between the capacity parameter and the transparency parameter, i.e. the steganography has the proper values of the SSIM and PSNR parameters. The use of low entropy covers leads to low capacity but also high resistance. In this case, the error bit rate is also reduced, which means getting close to the appropriate value of and the appropriate resistance. In the second step, the use of video frames of Windows Media Video is proposed for full coverage of secret data embedding. Since there may be a massive amount of secret data and a single cover may not be sufficient, a cover bank is required. As creating an image bank with close statistical properties may be difficult and time consuming, the video frames of Windows Media Video have been used. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Spread Spectrum, Proper Detection, Intermediate Frequency Coefficients of the Wavelet, amplification coefficient, Error Bit Rate | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 640 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 308 |
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