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Amanipour, V., Ghaemmaghami, S. (2019). Detection of Median Filtering Manipulation in Compressed Images. Electronic and Cyber Defense, 7(3), 121-129.
V. Amanipour; S. Ghaemmaghami. "Detection of Median Filtering Manipulation in Compressed Images". Electronic and Cyber Defense, 7, 3, 2019, 121-129.
Amanipour, V., Ghaemmaghami, S. (2019). 'Detection of Median Filtering Manipulation in Compressed Images', Electronic and Cyber Defense, 7(3), pp. 121-129.
Amanipour, V., Ghaemmaghami, S. Detection of Median Filtering Manipulation in Compressed Images. Electronic and Cyber Defense, 2019; 7(3): 121-129.

Detection of Median Filtering Manipulation in Compressed Images

پدافند الکترونیکی و سایبری
Article 12, Volume 7, Issue 3 - Serial Number 23, November 2019, Pages 121-129    PDF (980.07 K)
Document Type: Original Article
Authors
V. Amanipour; S. Ghaemmaghami*
Receive Date: 15 December 2018,  Revise Date: 14 February 2019,  Accept Date: 18 February 2019 
Abstract
Median filtering, as a nonlinear content preserving process that is often employed for smoothing and denoising images, has received significant attention from the forensics and documentation research       community. In this paper, a detection scheme for median filtering of compressed images is proposed, based on singular value decomposition of the process matrix. In the proposed method, the process matrix is      obtained by linear estimation of the decoding process, implementation of median filtering and             recompression of the image. The projections of input data over eigenspaces of this process matrix is then used as features of the image. A small number of such features are utilized to classify the image as          either original or processed, thus leading to a fast and effective detection scheme for median filtering. The experimental evaluations show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing methods, particularly over highly compressed images, and its detection error is 2% to 5% lower in comparison to the errors      introduced by other detection schemes. The singular value decomposition of the process matrix introduced in this paper, may also be used in detection of other cases of image content manipulation.
 
Keywords
Image authentication; Median filter; Singular value decomposition; Image Forensics
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